Civil Services Examination- New Pattern

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Civil services exams are one of the respectable exams. Each year, thousands of people take up this exam but only few are able to make it through preliminary exams. Cracking IAS examination is not a cakewalk. Aspiring candidates have to undergo a rigorous process for clearing the paper and being selected for preferred services. The number of students keeps dropping down with every round for admission in civil services.

Examination board for civil services tries to maintain a high standard to absorb best officers, capable of justifying their responsibilities. New style and patterns are implemented by the board to upgrade standard for civil services aspirants. Government has approved a proposal for introduction of aptitude test replacing present preliminary examination to shortlist candidates for main exam in future.

In the new pattern, students will have to take up two objective type exams. These tests will have emphasis on testing ethical and moral dimensions while taking decisions along with aptitude levels. With new pattern, equal weightage will be offered to various candidates instead of a common and an optional exam in existing pattern. As compared to the emphasis of present exam pattern on subject awareness and knowledge, new pattern will check the candidate’s decision-making capabilities and aptitude.

For time being, change will be made in preliminary stage from 2011 but second and third stages will take some more time to be altered. The new pattern of civil service exams will offer level playing equity and field, as candidates will not have to attempt one common exam like now.

Civil services aspirants should pull up there socks and prepare well if they are serious about clearing the exam. There are specialized coaching classes offered to these students. Sample papers are helped by the experts in the tuition centers. You can take help of the study books too. These guides give you mock questions so that you can prepare various sections of the test. By going through the guides, you will be acquainted with question formats relating to timed test sections.

With assistance of coaching classes and guides, learn to emphasize on the key strengths and minimize your weaknesses. Solve the practice tests regularly and crack the exam easily. Apart from this, you need to be aware about what is happening around you, to get through the exam. Complete devotion and concentration along with regular practice is what it takes to clear the civil services examination.

Know more about competitive coaching classes and other coaching classes.

Civil Service Weddings Explained

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A civil service wedding doesnt have to include just the couple, an officiant and state provided witnesses anymore. Many states offer the option of a civil service wedding in small conference rooms that can accommodate as many as 50 guests. A civil service wedding is ideal for a couple that wants to be married but doesnt want to deal with all the hassle and stress of planning an elaborate wedding. A civil service wedding is also an ideal alternative for couples who have different religious backgrounds and want to eliminate religious connotations from their wedding rather than trying to plan a wedding that blends the two religions. Some couples may also opt for an affordable civil service union and use their wedding savings for other options.

Civil service weddings are extremely affordable and convenient. In many states you can plan your entire wedding for you and a small number of guests for under $1000. If you budget correctly this fee could include the use of a decorated wedding suite or chapel, an officiant to perform the ceremony, a notary public who is capable of obtaining and filing your marriage license and even certified copies of your license that can serve as official proof of your marriage. You may also be able to use the suite or chapel for a limited time to host a small reception following the wedding ceremony.

A bride and groom who come from different religious backgrounds may opt for a civil service wedding. While there is an increasing trend in multi-denominational weddings that do an excellent job of creating a ceremony that blends the two religions beautifully there are some people who would rather have their religion not be a part of the ceremony than be compromised in a blended ceremony. While the issue of how a couple intends to deal with their religious differences in their married life is nobodys business but their own, there are many friends and relatives who would be offended by a wedding ceremony that is not true to their religion. In this situation a couple may choose to have a civil wedding that is devoid of religious connotations in the effort to not offend any family members or friends. Of course the couple should not compromise their beliefs and if they desire a wedding with blended religions then they should go ahead and have their wedding exactly as they had planned. However, if the couple does not feel strongly about having a wedding that blends their religious beliefs then it might be wise to opt for a simple civil service wedding.

Another reason that couples may opt for a civil service wedding is to use their wedding savings for another cause. Although some couples may have saved for over a year to host an elaborate wedding, they may decide that they would prefer to invest their savings in a dream honeymoon or a down payment for a new home or even making a donation to a charitable cause. A couple that spends months or even years saving up for an elaborate wedding may decide in the end that they dont think wasting their entire savings on a one night wedding extravaganza is such a good idea. If the couple makes this decision before the planning has gone too far they may be able to scrap their wedding plans without too much of a financial loss and choose to have a civil service wedding and use their wedding savings for another purpose.

The connotation of civil service weddings being strictly for couples needing to get married quickly for either citizenship reasons or due to an impending pregnancy is a thing of the past. Couples are beginning to see the value of a civil service wedding and are opting for these simple unions for a variety of reasons. The affordability and convenience that a civil service wedding offers is very appealing to couples who either do not have a large savings or the time required to plan an elaborate wedding. Religious differences also drive many couples to opt for a religious ceremony. Couples who come from vastly different religious backgrounds may opt for a wedding that is devoid of religious elements in order to not offend any of their friends or relatives. Couples may also choose to have a simple and inexpensive civil service wedding so that they can splurge on their honeymoon or on a new home instead.

GOAL OF A CIVIL DIVORCE

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The goal of a civil divorce whether through mediation or collaborative law is to employ an acceptable process for the purpose of ending an unacceptable relationship. Where there are children, a divorce marks the beginning of a new relationship established in order to meet the future needs of those children. Even with adult children, the divorced parents are expected to interact at major events such as weddings, holidays and religious celebrations. If a divorce is achieved with civility, these later events can transpire more comfortably. By adopting a positive approach to the divorce process and embracing a cloak of reasonableness, the results can be far reaching, dictating how otherwise warring parties will interact not only throughout the process but for many years to follow.

The by-product of a civilized divorce benefit all involved; the participants, their children, and the attorneys, delivering a better quality of life for all. .

No matter how you slice it, the process of divorcing is complicated. There simply is no easy answer or quick escape given that a marriage consists of a life merger between two individuals, in which unique histories and personalities are intertwined. For a marriage to work in the first place, parties must be able to successfully merge all of their “stuff” irrespective of what that may entail. Although there is always a tendency to point fingers at the commencement of a divorce action, I have found that there is usually sufficient blame to go around and that everyone, without fail, brings issues, problems, and hang-ups to the marital table. Divorce mediation in Massachusetts offers people the option of civility.

In fact, the key to a successful marriage is for the parties to have compatible neuroses. One’s flaws and foibles should be known far before the marriage occurs, perhaps by way of premarital counseling, allowing the parties to become genuinely familiar with one another. Such a proactive step would help avoid that sense disillusionment that commonly results when there are unattainable expectations based on a genuine lack of understanding. People need to be realistic. They need to identify the negative personality traits going in to the marriage and honestly reflect upon whether those traits are acceptable. The fact is that it is more intuitive for courting couples to focus on the positive traits and habits of their partners as they head down the aisle, choosing to ignore all of the less attractive and annoying bits and pieces. It could be argued, according to divorce statistics, that at least half of those entering a marriage are doing so without a sincere understanding of their future spouses; this of course leading to the disappointment and unhappiness that often precedes a divorce action.

The single greatest cause of divorce is incivility, which is the knee-jerk reaction to the unavoidable disappointment resulting from the lofty and unachievable expectations placed on a marriage. The cascade of uncivil, inappropriate behavior eventually becomes codified within the family interaction. One party’s discourtesy feeds off the other’s, the children mimic their parents, and bit by bit, everyone’s behavior disintegrates on a daily basis until the marriage is over and all involved have lost their way; small wonder that anyone could remain in such a state for very long. The reality is that many people consider marriage to be a license to behave badly. The fallout of this counterproductive communication and lack of consideration is that people are getting divorced at an alarmingly rapid rate, and many young couples understandably fail to see the merit of getting married at all, preferring to live together rather than committing to an institution noted for its tremendous rate of failure. While a failed marriage often marks one of life’s tragedies, Divorce Mediation in Massachusetts offers the option of not compounding that tragedy with a failed divorce, i.e. one that is protracted, bitter and acrimonious.

For more information regarding Massachusetts Divorce mediation, please visit Familylawmediationgroup.com

What Is The Difference Between Civil And Criminal Courts

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In the United States there is a very clear distinction and separation between civil courts and criminal courts. The purpose of a civil court is to settle disputes. A common example is the division of property in a divorce case.

Criminal courts, on the other hand, prosecute those who are accused of breaking the law. A crime may be categorized as a serious violation (a felony) or a minor offense (a misdemeanor).

A felony could involve crimes such as drug dealing, robbery, or murder. If someone is found guilty of a felony, he or she is often sentenced to a term in jail or prison.

A misdemeanor may be an offense such as jay walking, littering, or parking illegally. Court appearances are not usually necessary when a person is charged with a misdemeanor. Instead, he or she usually just pays a fine.

Most of the people who are caught committing a misdemeanor are issued a summons. However, if a foreigner violates a local law he or she could be given a warning.

Anyone who has been caught committing a felony is arrested.

People who are arrested are usually frisked so that any concealed weapons can be found. They are then handcuffed and read their rights.

This includes their right to remain silent, their right to have an attorney present during their questioning, and their right to have an attorney appointed by the court if they cannot afford to hire one.

When a person is arrested for a felony he or she is given the option of waiving their rights. Because any statement that they make could be used against them in the courts, it is unadvisable for them to waive these rights.

Instead, it’s best to retain all of your rights all the time. If you ever find yourself in this situation, do not say anything until you’ve spoken with your attorney.

When people are arrested they are taken to the police department. There they will be charged with their crime and given the right to make one phone call.

If a foreigner is arrested his or her call should be made to their consulate or embassy. Otherwise, it should be made to an attorney or to the local legal aid office. Or, if necessary, it should be made to a person who can bail them out.

The accused felon will be jailed until their case goes before a judge. Usually it will be the same day they are arrested or the following day.

If there is no case to answer then the accused will be released. If the offense is minor then the accused may be released on their personal recognizance. Otherwise, bail may be set.

Bail is either cash or its equivalent amount in property value.

However, if the case is serious the judge could oppose bail.

Asbestos cases are most often decided in civil court. However, to be properly represented, plaintiffs in asbestos-related cases should be represented by asbestos attorneys.

Ways Geosynthetic Textiles Have Solved Civil Engineering Problems

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Over the past decade a greater emphasis has been placed on the development and manufacturing of geosynthetic textiles. While the geosynthetics industry is comparatively new, it has already created products with applications in a wide range of industries including geotechnical, transportation, hydraulic, embankment management, and mining. In many cases, a single geosynthetic textile can solve or improve multiple civil engineering problems simultaneously.

One example of a geosynthetic textile application is the use of a prefabricated pocket style vertical drain made from a nonwoven filter jacket specialized as a PVD filter material. The purpose of this product was to reduce the time needed for construction by quickly discharging water in the ground which speeds up the soil consolidation process. Overall, it proved to reduce construction time and speed up the consolidation of soft ground in a variety of different situations including road construction, the development of building sites, construction of gas and oil storage facilities, and bank revetment.

Another example of how geosynthetic textiles can provide solutions to civil engineering problems is the polyester woven geotextile mat. It is created from a high tenacity polyester filament which is highly dense. This particular geosynthetic textile has been used to reinforce soft ground and embankments, separate layers of sand and soft ground, prevent the uneven settlement of soft ground, and securing a safe path of travel for heavy equipment across soft ground.

The third example is a silt curtain or fence created by geosynthetic textiles. A silt curtain is installed in the water to prevent the spread of environmentally dangerous contaminants. These contaminants often result from coastal and Riverside construction projects although it can also be used in the event of an open water spill or leak. It has been shown effective at preventing the spread of fine soil and sand induced by construction. It can also prevent the contamination of the nearby seaports and help preserve sea farming and area beaches.

The final example of geosynthetic textiles assisting with civil engineering problems is the polyester needle punched nonwoven geotextile. It is typically made of continuous filament fiber to promote fast drainage and filtration. It has been used to help prevent landslides, control erosion on banks, protect waterproof layers in landfills, prevent road tracking, and protect waterproof sheets and tunnels.

There is no doubt geosynthetic textiles will continue to play a greater role in finding workable solutions to civil engineering problems across the globe. As their production continues to scale, prices will decrease which will lead to an increase in availability as well as further research and development.