Excellent resource about civil services exam

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One of the early proponents of Civil Services creativity was Alex He promoted Civil Services brainstorming, a process of exchanging a large number of ideas in a no evaluative setting. Osborn believed that the unfettered exchange of ideas would stimulate additional novel ideas among Civil Services members. Therefore, he believed that About Civil Services. idea exchange would be a very effective means of enhancing creativity. You will note that in today’s world, every individual is running a race to achieve a certain goal.

All of us are in a hurry either in search of a goal or to reach a goal before anybody else reaches there. In this process, everyone has a desire to excel and be at the top. In this era of technological advances and higher levels of mass communication, followers have no place. Respect, prestige and power are only with the leader. The child who is awarded the prize is the one who gets first rank in the class. The students who get admissions in prestigious colleges are those who find place in the merit list. The same is the case with a businessman too.

They are also busy running a race. Some may have won and reached the top whereas there are others who are trying to reach the coveted place. Preparation of competitive exam is a quest for completing as much topics of syllabus as possible and revising them. This is the last stage in the process of the preparation of Civil Services Exam materials. It includes the production of both audio-visual and printed materials. The I course management group has a limited function now-it monitors the i progress of product ion t ill the materials are delivered to the learners. Audio-video production is also undertaken along with the production of i Preparation of Texts print materials.

The mufti-media package thus prepared is sent to the learners to be used in their own time. Audio and video production has been discussed elaborately in course ES- Here; we shall touch upon a few aspects of the production of materials About Civil Services Exam. Editing: Editing is one of the most important stages in the process of text production. Editing will be discussed in detail in unit 2 of this block. Generally, an editor performs the following tasks halter ensures the soundness of the text, including the density and the. Correctness of content, prepares manuscripts for printing, Layout.

This includes consideration of the size and type of font to be used, the page size, the number of columns, the nature of margins, placement of pictures, etc. in order to make each page of the unit attractive and learner- friendly. The other stages in the process are: assigning art work to artists, typing the text, and proof reading Printing: Printing is an elaborate industrial process. We don’t intend to dwell on this theme since the institutional academic staff may not be involved in it directly. We have, however, discussed some of its managerial aspects in the next section. Dispatch: After printing the material, it is stored in the institute’s warehouse from where it is dispatched to learners at the scheduled time.

Criminal and Civil Litigation the role of the solicitor

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This article serves to provide information on the roles of a litigation solicitor on a day to day basis. It will discuss some of the matters they deal with and give an overview of legal solutions to various disputes. It will then conclude with a brief summary. Litigation solicitors deal with a wide and varied spectrum of legal matters which could be as varied as a contract dispute at one end or a contentious probate dispute at the other. Litigation solicitors tend to fall into two broad categories, those that deal with Civil Litigation ie matters like Business Partnership disputes and Commercial Litigation and those dealing with Criminal Litigation matters such as Bail applications etc.

Civil litigation deals with disputes between two or more private parties and or an organisation, the matter generally revolves around a compensation element in some cases matters that have Civil Litigation issues between commercial parties can be resolved through commercial mediation. Criminal litigation conversely deals with criminal offences.

Civil Litigation lawyers may choose to specialise further as this can be more lucrative in the long run and it is easier to be an expert in a particular area of litigation rather than covering all areas of Civil Litigation. For example some Civil Law solicitors may choose to specialise in Commercial Litigation whereas others may choose to specialise in Business Partnership disputes or Commercial Mediation however you will still find Civil Litigation solicitors that cover more than one area of Civil Law, these types of lawyers generally work in the smaller law firms where client bases are not as large. Other areas are property disputes, employment, insurance, commercial, professional negligence but this is not an exhaustive lists and there are many other areas of civil litigation. In Criminal Law and Civil Law there are different burdens of proof. A burden of proof is the legal test applied to help find the fault or guilt. In Civil Litigation the burden of proof is the balance of probabilities in Criminal Litigation the burden of proof is beyond reasonable doubt. To prove guilt in Criminal matters the lawyer must seek to prove that the defendant is guilty beyond reasonable doubt, otherwise the conviction will fail, yet in Civil Litigation the burden is not as difficult to prove. Criminal litigation solicitors may also operate in the same way as civil law solicitors in that they may choose to be either specialist in one particular area of criminal law or be general practitioners and cover many areas such as fraud and theft etc.

Criminal law solicitors generally practice a more than one area related to criminal law and indeed some solicitors deal with both civil and criminal law matters. Irrespective of what area the litigation solicitor chooses, at its heart the role of a solicitor is the represent the clients best interests at all times and provide the best possible service so as to help them resolve their legal matter in the best possible way. The fees of a litigation solicitor is significantly high, and thus the onus of a result in favour of his client is his responsibility. The solicitor should be very vigilant and pay attention to every minute detail at all times; a minor negligence can turn futile and might heavily impact the results of the trial. In such a case the client has the option to go for professional negligence claims, which can impact the litigating solicitor’s reputation.

Civil Engineers Shaping The World For A Better Tomorrow

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Engineering is the term applied to the profession of knowledge of natural and mathematical aspects. A successful Engineer not only gains his knowledge through books but also through his experience and practices. You will be well aware of the fact that there are many fields of Engineering, and all of them are equally important. Civil Engineering plays a vital role in a countrys development. The Civil engineers are the professionals who are trained in pure and applied sciences to deal with the construction of Dams, Bridges, Tunnels, Thermal Plants, Highways, Airport runways, homes and other commercial structures.

Greece the Land of Engineers:

You will be well aware of the fact that the Greeks were the pioneers of construction. Civil Engineering was born as early between 4000 and 2000 BC. ” “, the Greek word which stands for Civil Engineer was the first representation. Parthenon by Iktinos in Ancient Greece (447-438 BC), is a remarkable construction by the civil Engineers of the Greek period. Even today the Civil Engineers of Greece are well known for their outstanding construction skills.

Hands Of Civil Engineers Shaping The World

We cannot image a world without the Civil Engineers. Civil engineers contribute the standard of living to the public and life would have been impossible on Earth without all these Civil Engineers out there. From basic residence to complicated safety units and medical facilities, all are originated from the skills of the civil engineers. With lots of advancements in construction technology, life is becoming more convenient than ever before.

Civil Engineers Concern On Safety

Construction is a complicated task. Apart from the beauty of the construction, the civil Engineer has to consider the effects of nature on the buildings too. The civil Engineers are much concerned about the safety measures of the building and the ability of the buildings to withstand the natural calamities such as earthquakes, flood and storms. Construction becomes more complicated in the construction of structures such as dams and nuclear power plants. As these structures are associated with the safety of thousands of people, the civil engineers face many challenges while constructing these structures.

Renovation of Old and Damaged Buildings

Apart from construction, the civil engineers play an important role in the renovation of old damaged structures. Renovation is considered to be more complicated when compared to the fresh construction. As renovation of existing structures has to be done without damaging the adjacent construction, the task is more challenging. However, the skilled Engineers from Greece are able to do the renovation process with ease. These Greek civil Engineers ( ) have gained enormous construction and renovation skills through their experience rather than from just bookish knowledge.

Without all these skilled civil engineers, the world would have been just a blank desert. Certainly these civil engineers are shaping the world for a better tomorrow.

Dewatering Pump Hire For The Construction And Civil Engineering Industries

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Dewatering is the process of removing unwanted water, often required for excavation purposes in construction and civil engineering projects. Hiring pumps to carry out dewatering is a quick and easy solution that can be arranged through a pump hire specialist without putting a dent in a large project’s budget.

Renting pumps for the removal or draining of groundwater at construction and civil engineering sites can be common and may be implemented before subsurface excavation for foundations, shoring, cellar space, or to lower the water table. The water table is the underground depth at which point the ground is totally saturated with water.

Pumping in severe weather
Heavy consistent rain can mean groundwater dewatering has to temporarily stop, although in cases when water-logging occurs, work can usually continue with the use of tracked machines. Also, if the ground freezes in winter when there has been heavy snow, groundwork may halt; but this can be dependant upon temperature.

Often in a British winter it is only the first 20-30mm of ground that is hard, so groundwork can often continue; more than 150mm of snow is a different proposition.

When the temperature increases, the water table can rise provisionally, as the ground has retained more moisture than normal, or snow melting rapidly has boosted the water table level. This can also be problematic, particularly at higher ground.

An established pump rental specialist will be experienced in providing the right pump models for dewatering purposes at any time of year. Delays to dewatering pumping during winter will be kept to a minimum, so that projects can remain on budget as far as possible.

More about pump types used
The type of pumping units an equipment specialist would specify varies depending on the size of a particular project. If noise levels have to be minimised, super silent diesel pumps will be used, whereas standard diesel pumps would be more suitable if noise was not a potential issue. If there is electric power available on site, drainer electric submersible pumps could be recommended.

A large pump hire company would also be able to provide generator hire among their range of services, so on-site power supply would not usually be a problem. For the exact specifications a project may need, the equipment hire company would perform a site survey.

About site surveys
When carrying out a site survey, the pump expert will gather facts about the construction or civil engineering site including: the duty required flow, distance, length of hire, how often the pumps will run and any possible stand-by units requirement. This is so that the most appropriate pumps and related equipment can be provided from the specialist’s depot located closest to the site.

Essential back-up provision in case of breakdown
Whatever the size and scope of the pumping requirements at a construction or civil engineering site where there is the need for dewatering to take place, a pump hire expert will be able to punctually deliver the most dependable equipment.

A mobile pump hire specialist will also provide a 24/7 emergency response service, which means that support will be offered in the case of any problems or equipment failure. Having a emergency response service in place should help ensure that a project stills runs to deadline, with no completion fines being incurred.

Civil Engineering and Construction Jobs in India

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Civil Engineering is considered to be one of the oldest engineering disciplines among others like mechanical, electrical, chemical, military, aeronautical, and software engineering. Civil Engineering deals with planning, designing and executing construction activities that include physical and natural structures. It involves structuring public works like roads, buildings, bridges, canals, tunnels, airports, dams, ports, sewage systems and multitude of others. It takes place on all levels in both public and private sectors, from municipal to federal and from individual homeowners to international companies.

Civil Engineering is generally divided into several sub-disciplines that could be: (a) environmental engineering, (b) geotechnical engineering, (c) structural engineering, (d) transportation engineering, (e) municipal or urban engineering, (f) Water resources engineering, (g) materials engineering, (h) coastal engineering, (i) Construction engineering and (j) research engineering. Being such a vast field, civil engineering jobs in India are, of course, in plenty and with boom in real estate sector of the country, they have grown in numbers. It has always been one of the hottest professions with high demand for experts and professionals from this area.

Civil Engineering is one of the most superior or high-ranking professions in India. The need for improvement in infrastructure to match the international standards is realized today, generating jobs for civil engineers. Infrastructure of our country is either not very robust or too old to bear the shocks from natural calamities or otherwise. Many roads need immediate repair; sewage systems require constant attention; various flyovers and bridges have to be built and a lot of other structural maintenance and development works is also due. All such activities ask for services from engineers so that these multifarious problems can be solved properly.

Profile of Civil Engineers

The primary responsibility of civil engineers is to plan and design a project, construct it to the required scale and maintain the product. Not only high levels of engineering knowledge but supervisory and administrative skills are also required. Planning projects involve site investigation, feasibility studies, coming up with solutions to possible complications and the actual structural designing. Civil engineers have to work according to the guidelines of the local government authority and get plans approved by them. Preparing cost estimates, setting construction schedules, maintenance and repair of work is also an important part of their job. Construction work also implies dealing with clients, contractors, government officials, architects and supervision of work.

Henceforth, civil engineers are responsible for designing and administering the construction of public structures and facilities like roads, bridges etc. Most of the companies demand specific specializations suitable to the respective job profile.

Like in other fields, civil engineering and construction jobs usually start on a low responsibility note. As an employee demonstrates his level of proficiency in the field, tasks become more and more responsible. The job opportunities for civil engineers are diverse as well as dynamic as they work in diverse settings varying from a plush modern office to a job site in remote areas. Also, more often than not, construction jobs may involve traveling within or maybe outside the city.

Team work and coordination plays a crucial role for civil engineers as they mostly work in big teams. Construction professionals can work in state or central government projects as well as in private concerns or overseas. Civil engineering jobs also include being a supervisor of the construction site; a managerial position in design or research and teaching in both government and private services. The option of working as independent consultants is also open to civil engineering professionals.

The scope for civil engineering and construction jobs in India is huge, you may start exploring options with help of job portals like naukri.com, India’s leading job site.

Deepika writes on behalf of Naukri.com, the no.1 job portal in India.She writes on topics like Engineering Jobs, Jobs and increasing work concentration.